Identifikasi bahan
kimia
Identifikasi bahan kimia menuru pemahaman saya yaitu dan buku yang sering
saya baca merupakan suatu cara untuk mempelajari karakteristik bahan tersebut
dengan mengamati label bahan kimia kemudian bentuk, warna, bau, dan sifatnya.
Identifikasi bahan kimia dilakuakan berkaitan dengan penanganan, penyimapanan,
dan penggunaaan bahan tersebut lebih lanjut, sehinggah resiko bahaya dapat
dicegah dan di hindari, serta dalam penggunaannya lebih efisien. Cara mudah
mengidentifikasi suatu bahan kimia dapat dilakukan dengan cara mempelajari
informasi yang terta pada label kemasan. Informasi-informasi yang dapat
diperoleh pada label bahan kimia yaitu :
a.
Nama bahan kimia dapat disertai rumus kimia pada label
berada di bagian tengah.
nama sebagain identitas penting dan pada contoh label
tertulis natrium hidroksida dengan rumus NaOH.
b.
Kemurnian bahan kimia pada label tertera deng tulisan “pro
analysis” atau Analar (AR) atau ACS
untuk reagensia analitik, karena memiliki kemurnian yang sangat tinggi (>
99%). Tingakat kemurnian bahan kimia yang tertinggi dikenal dengan istilah
Aristar atau Saprapur. Label bahan kimia yang tidak tercantum spesifikasi rinci biasa dikenal
dengan istilah “tekniks”
c.
Symbol / tanda bahaya pada label menunjjukkkan sifat bahaya
dari bahan kimia bersangkutan. Symbol-simbol ditulis dengan berbagai bahasa
dengan maksud agar siapa saja yang menggunakan bahan kimia tersebut bias
memahami peringatan yang tertulis pada label, sehingga resiko bahaya dapat
dicegah sekecil mungkin.
d. Informasi Simbol Bahan Kimia
Simbol Bahan Kimia
e.kode R/S
kode R ( Hazard Warning for Dangerous Chemicals) merupakan
peringatan bahay untuk bahan kimia berbahaya. Sedangkan S (Safetiy Precautions
for Dangerous Chemical) menunjukkan tindakan pencegahan atau saran penyimpanan
untuk bahan-bahan kimia berbahaya.
Informasi kode R
dan S
kode R yang identik dengan tanda baha
( Hazard warning for Dangerous Chemical ) sarin g tertera pada label-label
bahan kimia laboratorium. Dalam pencantumanannya,kode R biasanya diikuti dengan
angka di belakangnya. R1 misalnya, mempunyai arti “bahan kimia yang sangat
bersangkutan dapat meledak di tempat panas”.
Sedangkan R12 identik dengan sifat sangat muudah terbakar. Seringkali di
jumpai pada kode R tercantum dalam bentuk kombinasinya, misalnya R1/2 artinya
sifat yang dikandung oleh bahan kimia yang bersangkutan adalah R1 dan R2 yaitu
dapat meledak di tempat panas dan bila tekena benturan, gesekan dan api. Adapun
beberapa kode R yang saya tau seperti di bawah.
Kode R ( Hazard Warning ) untuk Bahan-Bahan Kimia
Berbahaya
Kode R
|
Keterangan
|
Kode R
|
Keterangan
|
R1
|
Dapat meledak di
tempat kering atau panas
|
R23
|
Meracuni bila
terhirup
|
R2
|
Meledak bila kena
benturan, gesekan, api
|
R24
|
Mercuni kulit
|
R3
|
Mudah meledak
bila kena benturan, gesekan dan api
|
R25
|
Meracuni bila
tertelan
|
R4
|
Sangat sensitive
dan mudah meledak
|
R26
|
Sangat meracuni
bila terhirup
|
R5
|
Meledak bila kena
panas
|
R27
|
Sangat meracuni
kulit
|
R6
|
Meledak jika
kelebihan udara dan kelebihan udara
|
R28
|
Sangat meracuni
bila tertelan
|
R7
|
Danapat
menyebabkan kebakaran
|
R29
|
Dapat
mengembangkan / membentuk gas beracun bila terkontak dengan air
|
R8
|
Menimbulkan api
jika kontak dengan bahan yang mudah terbakar
|
R30
|
Kemungkinan akan
mengakibatkan kebekaran bila digunakan
|
R9
|
Resiko ledakan
bila di campur dengan bahan yang mudah
terbakar
|
R31
|
Membentuk gas
beracun biladi campur dengan asam
|
R10
|
Mudah terbakar
|
R32
|
Membentuk gas
sangat beracun bila kontak dengan asam
|
R11
|
Agak mudah
terbakar
|
R33
|
Resiko bila di
timbulkan
|
R12
|
Sangat mudah terbakar
|
R34
|
Menyebabkan
korosi dan luka bakar
|
R13
|
Mencair, sangat mudah
terbakar
|
R35
|
Menyebebkan
korosi keras
|
R14
|
Memeberi reaksi
keras terhadap air
|
R36
|
Iritasi terhadap
mata
|
R15
|
Jika reaksi
dengan air membentuk gas yang mudah terbakar
|
Iritasi terhadap
organ pernafasan
|
|
R16
|
Meledak bila di
campur dengan bahan yang mudah terbakar
|
R38
|
Iritasi terhadap
kulit
|
R17
|
Terbakar langsung
di udara
|
R39
|
Resiko serius/
cacat tetap
|
R18
|
Dapat meledak dan
terbakar (tergantung pemakaian)
|
R40
|
Resiko serius
cepat sekali
|
R19
|
Dapat membentuk
peroksida yang mudah meledak
|
R41
|
Sensitive bila di
hirup
|
R20
|
Merusak paru-paru
bila terhirup/ tertelan berbahaya terhadap kesehatan bila terhirup
|
R42
|
Sensitive / pekah
terhadap kulit
|
R21
|
Melukai kulit/
berbahaya terhadap kulit
|
R48
|
berbahaya akibat kerusakan serius bagi kesehatan karena
pemajanan yang berkepanjangan
|
R22
|
Berbahaya
terhadap kesehatan bila tertelan
|
R50
|
sangat beracun terhadap organisme air, dapat menimbulkan
dampak buruk dalam jangka panjang dalam lingkungan air
|
Selain kode R, juga sering di jumpai kode laindengan inisial S pada label
bahan kimia. Kode S menunjjukkan informasi tindakan keselamatan / keamanan. S2
misalnya “bahan kimia tersebut di jaukan pada anak-anak”. Seperti halnya kode R
dan S juga sering di jumpai tampilan kombinasi. Contohnya S3/7/9 artinya
tindakan untuk keselamatan bahan kimia tersebut meliputi S3,S7, dan S9.
Kode S (safety
Precaution) untuk bahan-bahan Kimia berbahaya
Kode S
|
Keterangan
|
Kode S
|
Keterangan
|
S1
|
Simpan di tempat
terkunci
|
S13
|
Jauhkan dari
makanan dan minuman
|
S2
|
Jaukan dari
jangkauan anak-anak
|
S14
|
Jauhkan dari
bahan kimia yang bertentangan
|
S3
|
Simpan di tempat
yang sejuk
|
S15
|
Lindungi dari
panas
|
S4
|
Jauhkan dari
ruangan / kamar tempat tinggal
|
S16
|
Jauhkan dari
sumber api, jangan merokok
|
S5
|
Jauhkan dari
cairan
|
S17
|
Jauhkan dari
bahan-bahan yang mudah terbakar
|
S6
|
Jauhkan dari
cairan
|
S18
|
Buka kemasan
dengan hati-hati
|
S7
|
Simpan di tempat
tertutup rapat
|
S20
|
Jangan makan dan
minum di saat bekerja
|
S8
|
Simpan di wadah /
tempat yang kering
|
S42
|
Pakai sarung
tangan jangan respirator ketika melakukan suatu yang menghasilkan / uap
berbahaya
|
S9
|
Simpan di tempat
yang berventilasi cukup baik
|
S43
|
Gunakan pemadam
kebakaran
|
S10
|
Hindari dari
uap air
|
S44
|
Mintalah nasehat
dokter apabila anda merasa ragu
|
S11
|
Cegah udara masuk
|
S45
|
Panggillah dokter
bila terjadi kecelakaan atau bila anda merasa tidak sakit
|
S12
|
Jangan tutup
rapat
|
Resiko fisiko-kimia
|
Resiko Kesehatan
|
Resiko Lingkungan
|
|||
Huruf kode untuk simbol bahaya
|
Keterangan bahaya
|
Huruf kode untuk simbol bahaya
|
Keterangan bahaya
|
Huruf kode untuk simbol bahaya
|
Keterangan bahaya
|
E
|
Eksplosif /mudah meledak (Explosive)
|
T+
|
Sangat beracun (Very toxic)
|
N
|
Bahaya untuk lingkungan
|
O
|
Pengoksidasi (Oxidizing
)
|
T
|
Beracun (Toxic)
|
||
F+
|
Amat sangat mudah terbakar (Extremely flammable)
|
C
|
Korosif (Corrosive)
|
||
F
|
Sangat mudah terbakar (Highly
flammable)
|
Xn
|
Berbahaya (Harmful)
|
||
Mudah terbakar
R10:
flammable
|
Xi
|
Iritan (Irritant)
|
|||
Sesuai aturan, tidak lebih dari satu keterangan bahaya
diseleksi tiap kelompok
Tidak termasuk konstituen dalam limbah yang mengalami
reaksi berbahaya antara satu dengan yang lain
Gan tabelnya tertutup widget kanan,
mohon diperbaiki ya :)
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